How to pyrolyze biomass into biochar?

 Converting waste biomass into high-value biochar is a magical thermochemical transformation journey driven by pyrolysis equipment. The core of this process is to achieve efficient pyrolysis of biomass under anaerobic or oxygen-limited conditions by precisely controlling temperature and environment.

Pretreatment is the cornerstone of efficient conversion. Biomass raw materials (such as wood chips, rice husks, and fruit shells) need to be crushed and dried to ensure uniform particle size and moisture content (usually <15%). This provides stable feeding conditions for pyrolysis equipment, avoids excessive consumption of heat energy due to water evaporation, and ensures efficient start-up of pyrolysis reactions.

The pyrolysis stage is the core stage of the equipment. In the closed reaction chamber of the pyrolysis equipment, the raw materials are heated to a specific temperature range of 350-700℃. In this process: the low temperature section (200-350℃) removes volatile substances to form a primary carbon skeleton; the medium and high temperature section (350-600℃) deeply deoxidizes and dehydrogenates to increase the fixed carbon content of the carbon; the precise oxygen control system ensures that the reaction is in an oxygen-deficient environment to prevent biomass combustion and ash, and maximize the biochar yield.

The advantage of modern continuous pyrolysis equipment lies in its energy self-consistent design: the combustible gas (including methane, hydrogen, etc.) produced by cracking is purified and returned to the combustion chamber to heat the system, forming an energy closed loop and significantly reducing external energy consumption. At the same time, the multi-temperature zone synergistic technology can finely control the cracking path and optimize the pore structure and adsorption performance of biochar according to different raw material characteristics.

The post-processing link determines the product value. The rapid cooling system (water cooling/air cooling) at the carbon outlet terminates the reaction and locks the activity of the biochar; the tail gas treatment unit simultaneously recovers by-products such as wood vinegar and tar to achieve full resource utilization.